An Analytical Model for Optimal Groundwater Sharing and Water Trading Impact Assessment

Noel Merrick

University of Technology, Noel.Merrick@uts.edu.au, Sydney, Australia

ABSTRACT

At present there is a large gap between the data/resource/skill demands of developing a numerical model, such as MODFLOW, and the limited applicability of analytical models to real aquifer systems. This paper reports the development of a comprehensive analytical model which aims to bridge this gap, to become effectively a non-modeller’s “MODFLOW”. Software called HotSpots has been developed to satisfy a demand by an Australian government water agency for rapid assessment of problem areas in which persistent water level declines need to be redressed. The software is based on rigorous solution of drawdown for a dual aquifer model that consists of a shallow aquifer and a deep aquifer, with an intervening aquitard. Scheduled pumping can occur from multiple bores pumping from either aquifer or both aquifers simultaneously, with drawdowns computed in both aquifers. Aquitard storage is taken into account. Rainfall recharge is simulated as a percentage of rainfall, scheduled in time, with factors for one or two regions. Stream interaction is implemented in the same way as MODFLOW, with a Darcy’s Law algorithm controlling recharge or discharge according to the relative elevations of the stream, the stream bed, and groundwater. Simulated groundwater elevations and drawdowns (in each aquifer) are reported at pre-defined observation bores or as dithered colour images across the modelled area. HotSpots couples the analytical simulator with a linear programming optimiser, using the response matrix as a link, and calculates the optimal mix of groundwater abstraction from a group of bores subject to satisfying constraints on target groundwater levels, pumping rates and entitlements. A recent addition to the software allows an investigation of third-party impacts of groundwater trading.